• 介绍：

   脂多糖，英文名称Lipopolysaccharides，简称LPS，是革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁中的一种特有成分，位于细胞壁的最外层并暴露于非荚膜细菌的细胞表面，有利于维持细胞外膜的完整性，保护细菌免受胆汁盐和脂类抗生素的破坏。结构上，脂多糖由类脂A、核心多糖和O-多糖侧链组成。其中类脂质A是构成细菌内毒素的主要成分，决定其毒性强弱；而O-多糖侧链在不同细菌间是高度变化的，特异性决定细菌的血清型。

  LPS可以引起免疫刺激的级联反应和机体的毒性病理生理活动，包括释放内毒素引起感染性休克从而导致末梢血管虚脱。临床常通过检测LPS的存在来诊断脑膜炎。正是LPS与机体免疫机能的密切关系，生命科学研究常常提取LPS进行相关的研究，如阐明LPS的结构，代谢，免疫学，生理学，毒性，生物合成途径；诱导生长促进因子如白介素的合成与分泌；诱导疾病研究的动物模型如炎症反应，急性肺损伤。将LPS分别与FITC、TRITC或2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBSA)反应即可得到FITC、TRITC或TNP标记的LPS，主要用于非胸腺依赖性B细胞对细菌LPS的免疫应答研究。。

  LPS可通过TCA、酚、酚-氯仿-石油醚等方法制备，其中最后一种方法为粗提取法。TCA和酚提取得到的LPS在结构上、电泳图谱和内毒素水平均较相似，不同之处在于含有的核酸和蛋白质残留量不同，TCA法得到的LPS含有约2%的RNA和10%的变性蛋白。酚法提取的LPS含有达60%的RNA和少于1%的蛋白。用凝胶过滤层析可除去酚提取LPS中的残留蛋白，但是仍会留下约10-20%的核酸。进一步用离子交换层析法纯化可得到＜1%蛋白和＜1%RNA的LPS。

  本品来源于血清型大肠杆菌O55:B5，用苯法提取而得。其内毒素水平不少于500,000 EU (endotoxin units)/mg，经分析，1ng相当于0.5EU（鲎试剂法）和10EU（显色法）。LPS O55:B5可用于刺激人腹腔巨噬细胞（1ng/ml）以及马腹腔巨噬细胞的活动（1-100ng/ml）。

• 外观： 白色冻干粉

• 溶解性： 5  mg/mlWater；:可溶于水(10mg/ml)或细胞培养基(1mg/ml)，产生浑浊淡黄色溶液，溶于盐溶液经旋涡振荡并加热到70-80℃可得到一种浓度更高的LPS溶液（20mg/ml）。
  1.  LPS粉末是非无菌的，用于细胞培养相关实验需要过滤除菌，LPS储存液的配置：将1mg  LPS重悬于1ml无菌平衡盐溶液或细胞培养基，轻轻旋涡振荡直至粉末完全溶解，即得到1mg/ml的储存液。此储存液可进一步用无菌平衡盐或细胞培养基稀释至需要的工作浓度。
  2.  LPS储存液的保存：本储存液（1mg/ml）可放在4℃保存，约一个月稳定；也可分装成单次用量后放到-20℃，2年稳定。避免反复冻融。
  注意：LPS溶液应储存于硅烷化容器内，因为LPS可吸附于塑料或某些玻璃器皿，尤其当其浓度＜0.1mg/ml时。但当LPS浓度大于1mg/ml时，上述吸附则可忽略不计。2）如使用玻璃器皿，则需旋涡振荡LPS溶液至少30min，以重溶被吸附溶质。

• 储存条件： 2-8℃

• 注意：部分产品我司仅能提供部分信息，我司不保证所提供信息的权威性，仅供客户参考交流研究之用。

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本计算器可帮助您计算出特定溶液中溶质的质量、溶液浓度和体积之间的关系，公式为：

质量 (mg) = 浓度 (mM) x 体积 (mL) x 分子摩尔量 (g/mol)

• pg ng μg mg g kg =
  fM pM nM μM mM M *
  nL μL mL L *